Athena : Athena is the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, craft, and strategic war. She is also the patron goddess of the city of Athens and the protector of all heroes. Athena is also the favorite child of Zeus , being allowed to carry his Aegis, or armor, into battle.
Nazario Redondo Professional. How was Athena born? Athena is " born " from Zeus's forehead as a result of him having swallowed her mother Metis, as he grasps the clothing of Eileithyia on the right; black-figured amphora, — BC, Louvre.
Keanu Hausknecht Explainer. What Athena fears? Answer and Explanation:. Renita Albani Explainer. Who did Athena love? Athena and Hephaestus. Wifredo Piccini Explainer. Who is Athena's husband? Nitin Feilcke Pundit. Is mythology considered history? Myth and history represent alternative ways of looking at the past.
Defining history is hardly easier than defining myth, but a historical approach necessarily involves both establishing a chronological framework for events and comparing and contrasting rival traditions in order to produce a coherent account.
Myrtle Starcke Pundit. What does Athena mean? Athena was the Greek goddess of wisdom and warfare and the patron goddess of the city of Athens in Greece. It is likely that her name is derived from that of the city, not vice versa. Athena is associated with the olive tree and the owl. Jonnie Aldarias Pundit.
Is Athena a Minerva? It is presumed that her Roman name, Minerva , is based on this Etruscan mythology. Minerva was the goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools, and commerce.
She was the Etruscan counterpart to Greek Athena. Chahida Elkenhans Pundit. Who killed Medusa? The Roman Empire was a primarily polytheistic civilization , which meant that people recognized and worshiped multiple gods and goddesses.
Despite the presence of monotheistic religions within the empire, such as Judaism and early Christianity , Romans honored multiple deities. Romans paid allegiance to the gods both in public spaces and in private homes. While the Roman state recognized main gods and goddesses by decorating public buildings and fountains with their images, families worshipping at home also put special emphasis on the deities of their choosing.
The gods and goddesses of Greek culture significantly influenced the development of Roman deities and mythology. As the Roman Republic was rising to prominence , it acquired these Greek territories, bringing them under the administration of the Roman state. Romans adopted many aspects of Greek culture, adapting them slightly to suit their own needs. For example, many of the gods and goddesses of Greek and Roman culture share similar characteristics. However, these deities were renamed and effectively re-branded for a Roman context, possessing names that are different from their Greek counterparts.
The main god and goddesses in Roman culture were Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. Jupiter was a sky-god who Romans believed oversaw all aspects of life; he is thought to have originated from the Greek god Zeus. Jupiter also concentrated on protecting the Roman state. Military commanders would pay homage to Jupiter at his temple after winning in battle. She resembled the Greek goddess Hera in that she kept a particularly watchful eye over women and all aspects of their lives.
Minerva was the goddess of wisdom and craft. She watched over schoolchildren and craftspeople such as carpenters and stonemasons. Minerva is thought to be the equivalent of the goddess Athena, who was the Greek goddess of wisdom. Other Roman gods and goddesses who were adapted from Greek culture include Venus, who drew on Aphrodite, goddess of love; Neptune, a sea god who was inspired by the Greek god Poseidon; Pluto, who ruled the Roman underworld as the god Hades did in Greek culture; Diana, Roman goddess of the hunt who had her Greek equivalent in Artemis; and Mars, god of war, who was fashioned after the Greek god Ares.
Just as the Greeks influenced Roman culture, the Romans inspired the cultural development of later societies. You may by now have noticed that many of the planets in our solar system were named after Roman deities.
Rome did have some of its own gods and goddesses who did not trace their origins back to Greek culture. For example, Janus was a god with two faces that represented the spirit of passages such as doorways and gates. Believed to preside over beginnings, it is fitting that the month of January is named after Janus.
According to Roman mythology, the gods had a hand in the founding of the city of Rome itself. Vestal Virgins were not permitted to marry or bear children but were instead to devote their lives to serving Vesta, goddess of the hearth. It is said that King Amulius ordered that the twins be thrown into the Tiber River as a punishment to Rhea Silvia for betraying her vow of celibacy.
Luckily, the boys were rescued from the river by a mother wolf. She helped to raise them until a local couple adopted them. But every four years an even larger festival took place, The Great Panathenaea.
This involved athletic, poetic, and naval contests as well as religious sacrifices. Each year at the festival, a beautiful robe was presented to the cult-statue of Athena Polias on the Acropolis. This robe, known as the peplos , measured around 2 by 1. During the war between the Giants and the Olympians, Athena had displayed her most fearsome skills in warfare.
Second only to Zeus at the head of the battle, she successfully defeated the Giants, enabling the Olympians to reign supreme. Minerva was not simply the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess, Athena. She was an ancient goddess whose origins lay in the indigenous Etruscan heritage of Italy.
Here we can see an early association between Minerva and intelligence, linking her with Athena. However, it is believed that Menrva was both a war and weather goddess, and she is often depicted as hurling a thunderbolt.
This is a clear difference from Athena, who was never associated with the weather. Greek influences on Italian craftsmen in the 6 th century BC saw the image of warlike Menrva gradually being associated with Athena. The Roman state religion later adopted her as Minerva goddess of wisdom and war. There is no evidence of Minerva in Rome before her important inclusion in the Capitoline Triad. This was a divine grouping made up of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva and again was inherited from the Etruscans.
These three deities were believed to occupy the Capitoline Temple as the protectors of Rome. Like Athena on the Acropolis, Minerva was worshiped on the Capitoline particularly in times of war.
Smaller versions of the temple were also built in provinces as far afield as Africa after successful invasion campaigns. Victorious generals, who were awarded triumphal processions through Rome, would head towards the Capitoline Temple. Here they would sacrifice to Minerva, Juno, and Jupiter in thanks for their success in battle.
The worship of Minerva goddess of war became very popular in the Republican Era. Pliny the Elder tells us that Pompey , a preeminent politician, and army general, built a temple to Minerva in Rome around 60 BC. When he returned from a successful military campaign in the East of the empire, he dedicated all his plunder to the goddess as a votive offering.
Many historians believe that Minerva began to eclipse Mars as a deity of war by the time of the late Republic. The Quinquatrus Festival, held each year on March 19th, signaled the beginning of the campaign season for the army. In early Roman history this festival was only associated with Mars, but it was later entirely dedicated to Minerva. An association which she inherited from her links with Athena. This version of Minerva has clear links with the Greek goddess Athena Nike since both were primarily associated with victory in battle.
Unlike Athena Nike, Minerva Victrix is hardly ever depicted in art with wings. However, there is one important exception. In , a beautiful statue of a winged goddess was discovered among the ruins of the ancient town of Ostia. Even though a winged Minerva goddess was uncommon, winged deities are often found in Etruscan art. This led archaeologists to surmise that the statue was of the Minerva goddess of war, with hints to her Etruscan origins.
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