The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases conducts and supports research on many of the most serious diseases affecting public health.
The Institute supports much of the clinical research on the diseases of internal medicine and related subspecialty fields as well as many basic science disciplines. National Institute of Mental Health, a component of the National Institutes of Health, conducts and supports research that seeks to understand, treat, and prevent mental illness.
Public Health Service, is a lead agency for the Congressionally designated Decade of the Brain, and the leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system. The National Institute of Nursing Research supports clinical and basic research to establish a scientific basis for the care of individuals across the life span--from management of patients during illness and recovery to the reduction of risks for disease and disability and the promotion of healthy lifestyles.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology was established by Congress to assist industry in the development of technology NIDA's mission is to lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction. This charge has two critical components: The first is the strategic support and conduct of research across a broad range of disciplines. The second is to ensure the rapid and effective dissemination and use of the results of that research to significantly improve drug abuse and addiction prevention, treatment, and policy.
The NIH mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to better health for everyone. NIH works toward that mission by: conducting research in its own laboratories; supporting the research of non-Federal scientists in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and research institutions throughout the country and abroad; helping in the training of research investigators; and fostering communication of biomedical information.
The Library collects materials in all areas of biomedicine and health care, as well as works on biomedical aspects of technology, the humanities, and the physical, life, and social sciences. The collections stand at 5.
Housed within the Library is one of the world's finest medical history collections of old and rare medical texts, manuscripts, and incunabula. Department of Interior preserves unimpaired natural and cultural resources for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The National Science Foundation is an independent U. The National Security Council NSC is the President's principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials.
Since its inception under President Truman, the Council's function has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies. The Council also serves as the President's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. Department of Commerce, is the Executive Branch's principal voice on domestic and international telecommunications and information technology issues.
NTIA works to spur innovation, encourage competition, help create jobs and provide consumers with more choices and better quality telecommunications products and services at lower prices. Department of Transportation. The National Transportation Library contains documents and databases provided from throughout the transportation community. The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent Federal agency charged by Congress with investigating every civil aviation accident in the United States and significant accidents in other modes of transportation — railroad, highway, marine and pipeline.
The NTSB determines the probable cause of the accidents and issues safety recommendations aimed at preventing future accidents. In addition, the NTSB carries out special studies concerning transportation safety and coordinates the resources of the Federal Government and other organizations to provide assistance to victims and their family members impacted by major transportation disasters. The National Weather Service NWS provides weather, hydrologic, and climate forecasts and warnings for the United States, its territories, adjacent waters and ocean areas, for the protection of life and property and the enhancement of the national economy.
NWS data and products form a national information database and infrastructure which can be used by other governmental agencies, the private sector, the public, and the global community.
To accomplish this, federal and state governments must work in partnership with the more than million working men and women and their six and a half million employers who are covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of Department of Justice, oversees programs that benefit victims of crime, funds state victim assistance and compensation programs, and supports training for criminal justice and allied professionals about crime victims' rights and needs.
Department of State's Office of Authentications issues both apostilles and authentication certificates. If you need U. Department of State documents to be authenticated, please refer to the Office of Vital Records. In accordance with 22 CFR, Part , the Office of Authentications provides signed certificates of authenticity for a variety of documents to individuals, institutions, and government agencies. The mission of the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights is to ensure equal access to education and to promote educational excellence throughout the nation through vigorous enforcement of civil rights.
Department of Energy DOE to develop and manage a Federal system for disposing of all spent nuclear fuel from commercial nuclear reactors and high-level radioactive waste resulting from atomic energy defense activities. The mission of the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education is to promote academic excellence, enhance educational opportunities and equity for all of America's children and families, and to improve the quality of teaching and learning by providing leadership, technical assistance and financial support.
In addition to preserving heritage languages and cultures, OELA is committed to prompting opportunities for biliteracy or multiliteracy skills for all students. On May 5, the Office of the Associate Under Secretary for Environment, Health, Safety and Security AU was established within the Office of the Under Secretary for Management and Performance to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of primary mission-support organizations of the Department and institute enterprise-wide solutions to common challenges across the complex.
The OJJDP Web site is designed to provide information and resources on both general areas of interest about juvenile justice and delinquency including conferences, funding opportunities, and new publications and the comprehensive strategy as a framework for communities to combat youth crime.
The three functions of the Office of Non-Public Education are: to foster maximum participation of non-public school students in all federal education programs for which they are eligible; to recommend to the Secretary changes in law, regulations, or policies that would increase the availability of educational services to non-public school students; and to review departmental programs and procedures to ensure that services for non-public school students are provided as required by law.
The Office of Nuclear Energy NE mission is to advance nuclear power to meet the nation's energy, environmental, and national security needs. OPM ensures that the civil service remains free of political influence and that federal employees are selected and treated fairly on the basis of merit.
The mission of the Office of Pesticide Programs OPP is to protect public health and the environment from the risks posed by pesticides and to promote safer means of pest control. The Office of Postsecondary Education is responsible for formulating federal postsecondary education policy and administering programs that provide assistance to postsecondary education institutions and to students pursuing programs of postsecondary education.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy OSTP was created to provide the President with timely policy advice and to coordinate the science and technology investment.
The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services OSERS supports programs that assist in educating children with special needs, provides for the rehabilitation of youth and adults with disabilities, and supports research to improve the lives of individuals with disabilities. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency OCC charters, regulates, and supervises national banks to ensure a safe, sound and competitive banking system that supports the citizens, communities and economy of the United States.
The Office of Vocational and Adult Education OVAE supports a wide range of programs and activities that help young people and adults obtain the knowledge and skills they need for successful careers and productive lives. The Office on Violence Against Women OVW provides federal leadership in developing the national capacity to reduce violence against women and administer justice for and strengthen services to victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
The PTO promotes industrial and technological progress in the United States and strengthens the national economy by: Administering the laws relating to patents and trademarks; Advising the Secretary of Commerce, the President of the United States, and the administration on patent, trademark, and copyright protection; and Advising the Secretary of Commerce, the President of the United States, and the Administration on the trade-related aspects of intellectual property.
The mission of the Peace Corps is to help the people of interested countries in meeting their need for trained men and women. To help promote a better understanding of Americans on the part of the peoples served. To help promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of Americans.
The President's Council's mission is to increase sports participation among youth of all backgrounds and abilities and to promote healthy and active lifestyles for all Americans. Since , the Council has created and promoted programs and initiatives that motivate people of all ages, backgrounds, and abilities to be active and eat healthy.
The role of the Office of Public and Indian Housing is to ensure safe, decent, and affordable housing; create opportunities for residents' self-sufficiency and economic independence; and assure fiscal integrity by all program participants.
One of the primary mandates of the U. Department of Homeland Security is to educate the public, on a continuing basis, about how to be prepared in case of a national emergency - including a possible terrorist attack. The Securities and Exchange Commission SEC enforces the laws that ensure the fairness of the securities markets and that guarantee that investors have access to all material information concerning publicly traded securities.
Small Business Administration, established in , provides financial, technical and management assistance to help Americans start, run, and grow their businesses. Last year, the SBA offered management and technical assistance to more than one million small business owners. The SBA also plays a major role in the government's disaster relief efforts by making low-interest recovery loans to both homeowners and businesses. The mission of the SSA is to promote the economic security of the nation's people through compassionate and vigilant leadership in shaping and managing's America's social security programs.
State Department Bureau of Consular Affairs is to administer laws, formulate regulations and implement policies relating to the broad range of consular services provided to American citizens abroad. The Bureau issues Passports, Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings and Public Announcements concerning conditions in countries where Americans may be planning to visit or reside. The Tennessee Valley Authority is a unique federal corporation that is the nation's largest producer of public power, the steward of the Tennessee River system, and a regional economic development agency.
The Transportation Security Administration protects the Nation's transportation systems to ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce. Government Publishing Office Pueblo Distribution Center is to get accurate, complete and concise government information into consumers' hands when, where, and how they want and need it to help them make important life decisions. Army Corps of Engineers is to manage and execute engineering, construction, and real estate programs for the US Army and Air Force, and for other federal agencies and foreign governments as assigned; to supervise research and development in support of these programs; to manage and execute Army installation support programs; to develop and maintain capability to mobilize in response to national security emergencies, domestic emergencies, and emergency water planning programs; and to support Army space initiatives.
In peacetime and during war, the Coast Guard is at work around the clock, days a year, patrolling shores, saving lives, protecting property and enhancing the flow of commerce. From helping the victims of floods and storms, to keeping millions of dollars worth of illegal drugs from flooding American communities, to teaching boating safety and cleaning up oil spills, the Coast Guard is, like its motto, Semper Paratus, Always Ready.
The United States Commission on Civil Rights is an independent, bipartisan, fact-finding agency of the executive branch first established under the Civil Rights Act of Customs and Border Protection, CBP, is one of the world's largest law enforcement organizations and is charged with keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the U.
The USGS serves the Nation by providing reliable scientific information to describe and understand the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect our quality of life. The primary mission of the U.
Mint is to produce an adequate volume of circulating coinage for the Nation to conduct its trade and commerce. Congress under the Energy Reorganization Act of to ensure adequate protection of the public health and safety, the common defense and security, and the environment in the use of nuclear materials in the United States. The Secret Service's mission is two fold: protection of the President, Vice President and others; and protection of our nation's financial system.
The VBA portion of the VA is charged with administering and delivering benefits to these recipients in as efficiently and timely a fashion as possible. The benefit programs provide financial and other types of assistance to veterans, their dependents, and their survivors. The mission of the veterans healthcare system is to serve the needs of America's veterans. It does this by providing specialized care for service-connected veterans, primary care, and related medical and social support services.
The mission of the agency is to help veterans, reservists, and National Guard members in securing employment and the rights and benefits associated with such, through existing programs, the coordination and merger of programs, and the implementation of new programs. The principal purpose of ONDCP is to establish policies, priorities, and objectives for the Nation's drug control program, the goals of which are to reduce illicit drug use, manufacturing, and trafficking; drug-related crime and violence; and drug-related health consequences.
The Women's Bureau was created by law in to formulate standards and policies to promote the welfare of wage-earning women, improve their working conditions, increase their efficiency, and advance their opportunities for profitable employment. Search form Search. Facebook Twitter YouTube.
Crime prevention through neighborhood cohesiveness and collaboration. Forgot Password? Farm Bill Food and Nutrition. Food Safety. Food Security. Grants and Loans. Homeland Security. Importing Goods. Insurance Programs. Know Your Farmer. Laws and Regulations. Marketing and Trade. Media Information. Natural Resources and Environment. News Releases by Agency. Office of the Chief Scientist. Organic Program.
Outreach Programs. Plant Health. Producer Information. Programs and Services. Publications - USDA. Questions and Answers. Radio and TV Programming. Reports: Strategy and Performance. Research and Science. Research Grants and Agreements. Research Resources. Rural and Community Development. Services: Links. Social Media. Transcripts and Speeches. Travel and Recreation. Water Resources. The top contractor recipients and their percentage of all contracting during this time period include:.
Congress angered animal rights advocates in December when it lifted a ban on funding horsemeat inspections by the U. The ban was imposed in as a way to shut down the last remaining horse slaughterhouse in the U. But supporters of the new bill said the ban had produced unintended consequences, including a growing population of neglected horses during hard economic times.
The legislation did not include funding for USDA inspections, leaving it to the agency to come up with the money. Since no USDA inspectors were funded, that makes horsemeat illegal because processing plants must meet federal standards. Yet, entrepreneurs hoped to open a slaughterhouse either in Wyoming, North Dakota, Nebraska, or Missouri although the latter looked unlikely by July It was estimated a new facility could process up to , horses a year, with the meat being shipped to countries in Europe and Asia, including France and Japan.
CBS News. The controversy over genetically modified GM foods has raged for decades, as farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations and scientists have debated the advantages and disadvantages of GM.
GM foods are those possessing genes manipulated by scientists to give them more desirable traits, such as resistance to insecticides used on farms. GM can also mean plants that grow faster or possess added nutrients and vitamins, according to supporters. Some consumers oppose GM foods, claiming not enough testing has been done to know what the long-term implications of GM might be for humans.
Organic farmers have complained too, citing problems with their fields becoming contaminated with GM crops. Department of Agriculture has been in the thick of the GM controversy, approving numerous types of GM crops for production by large agricultural operations.
Genetically modified food controversies Wikipedia. Supporters of organic foods were outraged at the USDA in when it was discovered the USDA had allowed synthetic additives in certified organic products. One example cited in the media was Horizon Organic Milk with DHA Omega-3, which was not an approved additive for organic food, according to The Cornucopia Institute, a watchdog for the organic industry.
The Cornucopia Institute has sued infant formula manufacturers and Dean Foods, manufacturer of Horizon dairy products, for adding unapproved additives. The pilot project called for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP, formerly known as food stamps to remove sugar-sweetened beverages from the list of approved food items. States were motivated to exclude soft drinks in an effort to tackle the problem of childhood obesity, which is exacerbated by sugary beverages.
Brownell and David S. Ludwig, JAMA. Representatives of the meat industry reacted angrily toward a proposal by the U. Labeled as adulterants, the six strains are related to Shiga toxins and can cause severe illness and fatalities, with young children and seniors most at-risk.
Food safety advocates hailed the move, while cattlemen said it was unrealistic for the USDA to think its plan would work. That view is not supported by science. Coli Strains The Hagstrom Report.
In February , the Obama administration announced a draft plan to protect one million acres of public land around Grand Canyon National Park from new uranium mining for 20 years. The proposal, announced by U.
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar, was one of four alternatives in the draft plan. Mining supporters claimed the move would prevent the creation of new jobs, while environmentalists countered that mining would harm the environment and adversely affect canyon tourism. In May , the Bureau of Land Management had authorized several new uranium exploration permits near the Grand Canyon, despite a congressional resolution the previous year barring new claims near the national park.
In March , three conservation groups filed a lawsuit to stop uranium exploration the Grand Canyon. It was the first of five such projects slated for the area. As a result of USFS policies, wildfires have gone from being high frequency, low-intensity events, which provide sustainability for certain ecosystems, to low-frequency, high-intensity events that make suppression of them futile, writes University of Maryland Professor Robert Nelson in his book A Burning Issue: A Case for Abolishing the U.
Forest Service. Due to the prolonged absence of fire and the reduction in timber harvests, the abundance of dead and dying trees provide a high fuel load and conditions for high-intensity fires that can cause enormous damage to soils, watersheds, fisheries, and other ecosystem components, Nelson argues.
Many environmental groups that view natural fires as an integral part of ecosystem management have also criticized fire suppression efforts, claiming that it lacks scientific basis. Meanwhile, firefighters and residents who live on forestland lobby heavily for fire suppression policies. Nelson, Independent Review. Forest Roads or Forest Fires? Buck, U. Forest Service, pdf.
Republican lawmakers set out in to approve the release of large tracts of public lands from government protection. The bill potentially affected six million acres of BLM wilderness study areas and as much as 36 million acres of roadless areas in the National Forest System. Any BLM lands not designated as wilderness or under consideration for wilderness designation would have been eligible for release, under the legislation.
Similarly, the Forest Service would have been compelled to let go of roadless areas not deemed wilderness or not recommended for such designation. The Obama administration opposed the bill, saying it would undermine the ability of both agencies to carry out resource conservation. The USDA under President Barack Obama stirred controversy in December when it sought to change the nutrition guidelines for federally funded school lunch programs.
Under new regulations developed by the USDA, the calorie intake of school lunches for primary students would be reduced to for each student, for middle school, and for high school students. The change also called for using more multigrain breads instead of white bread and making sure vegetable servings were really made up of vegetables.
Existing guidelines allowed for an eighth of a cup of tomato paste to equal one serving of vegetables, which allowed school lunches to serve pizza to meet its vegetable requirement. The changes sought to eliminate this loophole over the opposition of tomato farmers. The USDA also wanted to cut back on salt, potatoes, and saturated fats in school lunches, while boosting the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Adams, Los Angeles Times. The case was settled out of court 11 years ago, when the department found that black farmers had to wait three times longer for loans and subsidies. In October , U. On July 19, , Shirley Sherrod was forced to resign her position as Georgia State Director of Rural Development days after video excerpts were posted online by Andrew Breitbart, blogger and media commentator, which purported to show her making racist remarks to a gathering of the NAACP Freedom Fund.
Sherrod, who is black, was making precisely the opposite point with an uplifting story of how she helped a white family avoid loss of their farm through foreclosure in while employed at a private advocacy firm for African-American farmers. Large sums of money are given annually through price supports for certain crops or farmers.
These subsidies artificially keep American produce prices low on foreign markets, harming struggling foreign farmers, critics argue.
While a number of pundits still deny global warming science, in May , the U. Climate Change Science Program issued a report on the threats of climate change to agriculture and other key natural resources, which was authored by 38 researchers from universities, national laboratories, non-governmental organizations, and federal service. The USDA was the lead agency for the report and is using the findings to develop a new strategic plan for climate change research.
Shifts in plant productivity and type will likely also have significant impact on livestock operations. Higher temperatures will also likely reduce livestock production during the summer season, but these losses will likely be partially offset by warmer temperatures during the winter season.
Increased CO 2 and temperatures will also more rapidly progress the lifecycle grain and oilseed crops, but as temperature rises, these crops will increasingly begin to experience failure. Climate change will also likely lead to a northern migration of weeds, the report found. Climate Change Science Program. Climate Change Program Report. Downed cattle are prohibited from the food supply as the risks of infection, contamination, and disease are heightened with lame animals.
Following the story, these products were placed on hold, and million pounds of beef was recalled—the largest beef recall in U. The recall included beef products dating back to February of Statement by Secretary of Agriculture Ed Schafer. USDA officials maintain that they follow regulations as directed by the department and Congress, but those regulations are increasingly confusing or opaque. Requirements for determining eligibility for RD assistance tend to be quite variable and even subjective, depending on the program itself and leaving room for lawmakers to weigh in.
For some programs, assistance is limited to towns with populations below 2,, but for others numbers can reach up to 50,, and some census-based decisions can divide eligible communities by street or block. Gaul and Sarah Cohen, Washington Post. The report was in response to concerns raised by Senator Tom Harkin D-Iowa in on possible inflation of actual investigations conducted by the competition division in annual GIPSA reports to suggest a higher rate of enforcement activity.
The report confirmed accusations that top officials had intentionally blocked investigations by refusing to provide clearance for employees to conduct investigations and inflating the number of investigations to give the misleading appearance that the agency was responding to pressures to clamp down on anti-competitive practices and market concentration. The report identified three areas of material weaknesses: defining and tracking investigations, planning and conducting competition and complex investigations, and making agency policy.
Additionally, it said the agency had not taken sufficient actions to strengthen operations in response to a finding previously reported by the Office of Inspector General in and the Government Accountability Organization GAO in The main issues of concern were that the GIPSA investigations were led by economists without the formal involvement of attorneys from the Office of General Counsel; and that the investigations process was designed for traditional trade practice and not suited to the more complex anti-competitive practices currently at issue.
In response, the bipartisan U. In the second term of the George W. Bush administration, budget cutbacks resulted in the closing of FSA offices across the United States. Many farmers protested these cuts, as local FSA offices have been a crucial connection between farmers and the department since the s. In , Sen. Ben Nelson D-Nebraska launched an investigation after learning that the Department of Agriculture was skimming funds off of congressional earmarks. Nelson asked the Congressional Research Service to investigate, which resulted in a finding that the federal government had no umbrella legal authority that allowed agencies to take a cut of each earmark and no overall standard for how much agencies should take.
The amount taken from earmarks varied within an agency. The Food and Nutrition Service finds itself at the center of ideological battles that question the role of the state in dealing with poverty and welfare, as well as business and subsidies. It is a complex debate that questions the causes and persistence of poverty. Compounding these questions are disagreements over how hunger and poverty are defined and quantified.
Often, the debate falls along party lines. Liberals focus on societal and systemic causes for poverty, such as disproportionate advantages and opportunities given to the middle class and wealthy. Many on the left see poverty as a societal creation and therefore a responsibility of government.
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